{"id":214036,"date":"2023-12-12T20:44:32","date_gmt":"2023-12-12T20:44:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/"},"modified":"2023-12-12T20:44:32","modified_gmt":"2023-12-12T20:44:32","slug":"how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/","title":{"rendered":"How do you get a 2-sided p-value?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The p-value is a statistical measure used to determine the probability of observing a result as extreme as the one obtained, assuming the null hypothesis is true. It is commonly used in hypothesis testing to assess the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis. The p-value is one of the key factors in determining the statistical significance of a study or experiment. However, often researchers are interested in evaluating whether the observed result is significantly different from the expected in either direction. This is where the concept of a 2-sided p-value comes into play.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_62 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#Understanding_the_concept_of_a_p-value\" title=\"Understanding the concept of a p-value\">Understanding the concept of a p-value<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#Obtaining_a_2-sided_p-value\" title=\"Obtaining a 2-sided p-value\">Obtaining a 2-sided p-value<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#Related_FAQs\" title=\"Related FAQs\">Related FAQs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#1_What_is_a_one-sided_p-value\" title=\"1. What is a one-sided p-value?\">1. What is a one-sided p-value?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#2_Why_would_I_need_a_2-sided_p-value\" title=\"2. Why would I need a 2-sided p-value?\">2. Why would I need a 2-sided p-value?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#3_How_do_I_interpret_a_2-sided_p-value\" title=\"3. How do I interpret a 2-sided p-value?\">3. How do I interpret a 2-sided p-value?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#4_Can_I_convert_a_2-sided_p-value_into_a_one-sided_p-value\" title=\"4. Can I convert a 2-sided p-value into a one-sided p-value?\">4. Can I convert a 2-sided p-value into a one-sided p-value?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#5_Does_a_2-sided_p-value_always_give_a_more_conservative_result\" title=\"5. Does a 2-sided p-value always give a more conservative result?\">5. Does a 2-sided p-value always give a more conservative result?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#6_Are_there_any_drawbacks_to_using_a_2-sided_p-value\" title=\"6. Are there any drawbacks to using a 2-sided p-value?\">6. Are there any drawbacks to using a 2-sided p-value?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#7_How_is_a_2-sided_p-value_calculated_for_different_statistical_tests\" title=\"7. How is a 2-sided p-value calculated for different statistical tests?\">7. How is a 2-sided p-value calculated for different statistical tests?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#8_Can_you_have_different_p-values_for_the_same_test_but_with_different_tails\" title=\"8. Can you have different p-values for the same test but with different tails?\">8. Can you have different p-values for the same test but with different tails?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#9_Does_a_2-sided_p-value_provide_more_information_than_a_confidence_interval\" title=\"9. Does a 2-sided p-value provide more information than a confidence interval?\">9. Does a 2-sided p-value provide more information than a confidence interval?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#10_How_should_I_choose_between_a_one-sided_and_a_2-sided_p-value\" title=\"10. How should I choose between a one-sided and a 2-sided p-value?\">10. How should I choose between a one-sided and a 2-sided p-value?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#11_Can_I_use_a_2-sided_p-value_for_all_types_of_statistical_analyses\" title=\"11. Can I use a 2-sided p-value for all types of statistical analyses?\">11. Can I use a 2-sided p-value for all types of statistical analyses?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#12_What_if_my_data_does_not_follow_a_normal_distribution\" title=\"12. What if my data does not follow a normal distribution?\">12. What if my data does not follow a normal distribution?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Understanding_the_concept_of_a_p-value\"><\/span>Understanding the concept of a p-value<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Before delving into the explanation of a 2-sided p-value, let&#8217;s briefly review the concept of a p-value. In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis (H0) represents the proposition that there is no relationship or difference between variables. The alternative hypothesis (Ha), on the other hand, posits that there is a significant relationship or difference. Researchers conduct statistical tests to evaluate the evidence against the null hypothesis and calculate the p-value.<\/p>\n<p>The p-value is essentially the probability of obtaining a result as extreme as the one observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true. If the p-value is below a predetermined threshold (commonly 0.05), researchers reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. On the other hand, if the p-value is greater than the threshold, the null hypothesis is not rejected, indicating that the observed result is likely due to chance.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Obtaining_a_2-sided_p-value\"><\/span>Obtaining a 2-sided p-value<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Now let&#8217;s address the question: How do you get a 2-sided p-value?<\/p>\n<p>To obtain a 2-sided p-value, you need to consider both tails of the distribution instead of focusing on just one. When conducting a hypothesis test, the one-sided p-value only assesses the evidence in one direction, either smaller or larger than the expected value. However, in some cases, researchers are interested in detecting any meaningful departure from what is expected, irrespective of the direction.<\/p>\n<p>To calculate a 2-sided p-value, you need to determine the probability of observing a result as extreme or more extreme than the one obtained, regardless of whether it is larger or smaller than expected. This involves computing the areas in both tails of the distribution. The resulting p-value represents the combined probability of both tails and provides a more comprehensive measure of the significance of the observed result.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Related_FAQs\"><\/span>Related FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_a_one-sided_p-value\"><\/span>1. What is a one-sided p-value?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\nA one-sided p-value assesses the evidence in only one direction, either smaller or larger than the expected value.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Why_would_I_need_a_2-sided_p-value\"><\/span>2. Why would I need a 2-sided p-value?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\nA 2-sided p-value allows you to examine differences in both directions from the expected value, providing a more inclusive assessment of statistical significance.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_How_do_I_interpret_a_2-sided_p-value\"><\/span>3. How do I interpret a 2-sided p-value?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\nIf the 2-sided p-value is below the predetermined threshold, it suggests that the observed result is significantly different from the expected. Conversely, if the p-value is larger than the threshold, there is no evidence of a significant difference.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Can_I_convert_a_2-sided_p-value_into_a_one-sided_p-value\"><\/span>4. Can I convert a 2-sided p-value into a one-sided p-value?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\nYes, you can convert a 2-sided p-value into a one-sided p-value by simply dividing it by 2, as it represents half of the total probability in both tails.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Does_a_2-sided_p-value_always_give_a_more_conservative_result\"><\/span>5. Does a 2-sided p-value always give a more conservative result?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\nNo, whether a 2-sided p-value is more conservative than a one-sided p-value depends on the specific research question and the underlying assumptions of the hypothesis test.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Are_there_any_drawbacks_to_using_a_2-sided_p-value\"><\/span>6. Are there any drawbacks to using a 2-sided p-value?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\nUsing a 2-sided p-value instead of a one-sided p-value may be more demanding statistically since it requires considering both tails of the distribution, potentially reducing the power of the test.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_How_is_a_2-sided_p-value_calculated_for_different_statistical_tests\"><\/span>7. How is a 2-sided p-value calculated for different statistical tests?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\nThe calculation of a 2-sided p-value depends on the type of statistical test being performed, such as t-tests, chi-square tests, or ANOVA. Each test has its own formula to compute the p-values.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Can_you_have_different_p-values_for_the_same_test_but_with_different_tails\"><\/span>8. Can you have different p-values for the same test but with different tails?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\nYes, if you analyze the data in different directions (one-sided or two-sided), you may obtain different p-values, as they measure different aspects of the observed result.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Does_a_2-sided_p-value_provide_more_information_than_a_confidence_interval\"><\/span>9. Does a 2-sided p-value provide more information than a confidence interval?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\nA 2-sided p-value and a confidence interval provide complementary information. While a p-value quantifies the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis, a confidence interval estimates the range within which the true parameter value likely falls.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_How_should_I_choose_between_a_one-sided_and_a_2-sided_p-value\"><\/span>10. How should I choose between a one-sided and a 2-sided p-value?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\nThe choice between a one-sided and a 2-sided p-value depends on the nature of your research question and the anticipated direction of the effect you are investigating.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Can_I_use_a_2-sided_p-value_for_all_types_of_statistical_analyses\"><\/span>11. Can I use a 2-sided p-value for all types of statistical analyses?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\nYes, a 2-sided p-value can be used for a broad range of statistical analyses, as long as it is appropriate and aligned with the research question and hypotheses being tested.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_What_if_my_data_does_not_follow_a_normal_distribution\"><\/span>12. What if my data does not follow a normal distribution?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\nIf the distribution of your data is non-normal and the assumptions required for parametric tests are violated, you may opt for non-parametric tests that provide alternative ways to calculate p-values and assess statistical significance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The p-value is a statistical measure used to determine the probability of observing a result as extreme as the one obtained, assuming the null hypothesis is true. It is commonly used in hypothesis testing to assess the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis. The p-value is one of the key factors in determining the &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"How do you get a 2-sided p-value?\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/#more-214036\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">How do you get a 2-sided p-value?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":54,"featured_media":107420,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86279],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-214036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learn","no-featured-image-padding"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How do you get a 2-sided p-value?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The p-value is a statistical measure used to determine the probability of observing a result as extreme as the one obtained, assuming the null hypothesis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How do you get a 2-sided p-value?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The p-value is a statistical measure used to determine the probability of observing a result as extreme as the one obtained, assuming the null hypothesis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/namso-gen.co\/blog\/how-do-you-get-a-2-sided-p-value\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Namso Gen Blog - 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