How many times harder than corundum is diamond?
Diamond is approximately four times harder than corundum. This makes diamond the hardest natural substance known to man, with a Mohs hardness scale rating of 10, while corundum, which includes sapphires and rubies, has a hardness rating of 9.
Diamond’s exceptional hardness is due to its molecular structure, which consists of carbon atoms arranged in a strong, rigid lattice. This structure allows diamond to resist scratching, chipping, and wearing down over time, making it ideal for use in cutting, grinding, and drilling tools.
FAQs
1. What is corundum and how is it related to diamond?
Corundum is a mineral composed of aluminum oxide that is commonly used as an abrasive and in the production of gemstones, such as sapphires and rubies. Diamond and corundum are both naturally occurring minerals but differ significantly in hardness.
2. How is hardness measured in minerals?
Hardness in minerals is measured using the Mohs hardness scale, which ranks minerals based on their ability to scratch one another. Diamond is at the top of the scale with a rating of 10, while corundum is just below with a rating of 9.
3. Is diamond the hardest material in the world?
Yes, diamond is the hardest natural material known to man. Its hardness is unmatched by any other substance, making it extremely valuable in various industries, including manufacturing, mining, and jewelry.
4. How does diamond’s hardness compare to other materials?
Diamond’s hardness is significantly higher than that of other common materials, including steel, glass, and quartz. This is why diamond is often used in cutting, grinding, and drilling applications where extreme durability is required.
5. Can corundum scratch diamond?
No, corundum cannot scratch diamond due to diamond’s superior hardness. Diamond is four times harder than corundum on the Mohs scale, making it virtually impossible for corundum to leave any marks on diamond.
6. What are some practical applications of diamond’s hardness?
Diamond’s hardness makes it ideal for use in cutting tools, grinding wheels, and drill bits. It is also used in precision machining, mining, and gem cutting due to its exceptional resistance to wear and abrasion.
7. Why is diamond used in jewelry if it is so hard?
Diamond’s hardness not only ensures its durability but also enhances its brilliance and luster. This makes it a popular choice for engagement rings, earrings, and other fine jewelry pieces that are meant to withstand daily wear and tear.
8. Can diamond shatter or break under pressure?
While diamond is extremely hard, it is also brittle and can shatter or break under extreme pressure. Care must be taken when handling diamond to prevent it from cracking or chipping.
9. Are synthetic diamonds as hard as natural diamonds?
Yes, synthetic diamonds have the same hardness as natural diamonds because they share the same crystal structure and composition. Synthetic diamonds are produced in a laboratory setting using advanced technology.
10. How does the hardness of diamond contribute to its value?
The hardness of diamond plays a significant role in determining its value, as harder diamonds are more resistant to damage and retain their brilliance over time. This is why diamonds with higher hardness ratings are typically more valuable.
11. Can diamond scratch itself?
No, diamond cannot scratch itself due to its uniform hardness and structure. This is one of the unique properties of diamond that sets it apart from other minerals on the Mohs hardness scale.
12. How does the hardness of diamond compare to that of other gemstones?
Diamond is the hardest gemstone, surpassing all others in terms of hardness and durability. This is why diamond is often referred to as the “king of gemstones” and is highly coveted for its beauty and resilience.